Go to content

References

Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI). (2024). Finnish opinions on foreign and security policy, national defence, and security. Bulletins and Reports December 2024. https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/items/aa2b1b87-4874-46c7-ac49-2b8c7d9ef36c
Almén, D., & Trägårdh, L. (2025). Gemenskapsbarometern 2024: Delrapport 1 [Community barometer 2024: Interim Report 1]. Institutet för Bostads- och Urbanforskning (IBF). Uppsala University. https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2022823/FULLTEXT01.pdf  
Alþingi. (2023-a). Lög um tímabundinn stuðning til greiðslu launa vegna náttúruhamfara í Grindavíkurbæ [Act on temporary support for the payment of wages due to natural disasters in Grindavík]. Act No. 87/2023, November 30. https://www.althingi.is/altext/154/s/0631.html
Alþingi. (2023-b). Lög um sértækan húsnæðisstuðning vegna náttúruhamfara í Grindavíkurbæ [Act on specific housing support due to natural disasters in Grindavík]. Act No. 94/2023, December 14. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2023094.html
Alþingi. (2024-a). Skýrsla frá forsætisráðherra um framkvæmd þjóðaröryggisstefnu fyrir Ísland á árinu 2024 [Report from the Prime Minister on the implementation of the National Security Strategy for Iceland in 2024]. 218/193.  https://www.althingi.is/altext/157/s/0218.html
Alþingi. (2024-b). Skýrsla forsætisráðherra um helstu verkefni stjórnvalda og mat á framtíðarhorfum vegna jarðhræringa og eldsumbrota á Reykjanesskaga, 2024-2025 [Prime Minister’s report on the main tasks of the government and assessment of future prospects due to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on the Reykjanes Peninsula]. 331/321. https://www.althingi.is/altext/155/s/0331.html
Alþingi. (2024-c). Lög um framkvæmdanefnd vegna jarðhræringa í Grindavíkurbæ [Act on an Executive Committee for Earthquakes in Grindavík]. Act No. 40/2024, May 16. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2024040.html
Alþingi. (2024-d). Lög um kaup á íbúðarhúsnæði í Grindavík [Law on the purchase of residential property in Grindavík]. Act No. 16/2024, February 28. https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2024016.html
Andreasson, U. (2017). Trust--the Nordic Gold. Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Council of Ministers Secretariat. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2017-737
Aradau, C. (2014) The promise of security: Resilience, surprise and epistemic politics. Resilience, 2(2), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2014.914765
Arksey, H & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1),19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
Awan, I., Spiller, K., & Whiting, A. (2019). Terrorism in the classroom: Security, surveillance and a public duty to act. Palgrave Studies in Risk, Crime and Society (PSRCS). Palgrave Pivot Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01710-1
Bealt, J., & Mansouri, S. A. (2018). From disaster to development: A systematic review of community-driven humanitarian logistics. Disasters, 42(1), 124–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12232
Berling, T.V. & Petersen, K.L. (2021). Designing resilience for security in the Nordic Region: Implications for strategy. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.) Nordic societal security: Convergence and divergence (131-153). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533
Berndtsson, J. (2024). Hybrid threats and the ‘new’ total defence: The case of Sweden. In O.J. Borch & T. Heier (Eds.) Preparing for hybrid threats to security: Collaborative preparedness and response (151-164). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032617916
Bjerre, J. (2025). Mette Frederiksens åndelige oprustning handlar mere om mobilisering end åndelighed [Mette Frederiksen's spiritual reinforcement is more about mobilization than spirituality]. Altinget. 14 August 2025. https://www.altinget.dk/etik/artikel/mette-frederiksens-aandelige-oprustning-handler-mere-om-mobilisering-end-aandelighed?toke=d72cec19a456467881730cf614ae0c4a
Borch, O.J. & Heier, T. (2024). Preparing for hybrid threats to security: Collaborative preparedness and response. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032617916
Carlsson, H. & Engström, L. (2025). Navigating exceptionalism: The role of public libraries in times of crisis and war rhetoric. Information Research, 30(CoLIS), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47989/ir30CoLIS52357
Danmarks Radio. (2026). Regeringen: Danmark skal have totalberedskab [Government: Denmark must have total preparedness]. 20 February 2026. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/regeringen-danmark-skal-have-totalberedskab
Dómsmálaráðuneytið. (2021). Stefna stjórnvalda í almannavarnaog öryggis- málum [Government policy on civil protection and security matters]. https://www.stjornarradid.is/library/01--Frettatengt---myndir-og-skrar/FOR/Fylgiskjol-i-frett/Stefna%20stj%c3%b3rnvalda%20%c3%ad%20almannavarna-%20og%20%c3%b6ryggism%c3%a1lum.pdf  
Dómsmálaráðuneytið. (2025). Frumvarp til laga um almannavarnir [Government bill on civil protection]. 396/287. https://www.althingi.is/altext/157/s/0396.html
DSB. (2024). How can you play your part in Norway’s emergency preparedness: Advice on emergency preparedness. Engelsk. https://www.dsb.no/siteassets/sikkerhverdag/egenberedskap/brosjyren/dsb-egenberedskap-engelsk-web.pdf
DSB. (2025). Bibliotek og egenberedskap – en veileder for bibliotekene [Libraries and self-preparedness—a guide for libraries]. https://www.dsb.no/contentassets/4da5d56a45924b13afe37bab51f1524e/dsb-veileder-bibliotekene_uu.pdf
Dvulit, Z & Slätmo, E. (2025). Civil preparedness in practice. Lessons and insights from Ukraine. Nordregio Working Paper 2025:5.  http://doi.org/10.6027/WP2025.5.1403-2511
European Parliament. (2025). Eurobarometer: Winter Survey 2025. Public Opinion Monitoring Unit, European Union. Parlemeter. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3492
EU. (2022). Directive (EU) 2022/2557 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on the resilience of critical entities and repealing Council Directive 2008/114/EC (Text with EEA relevance). Document 32022L2557. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022L2557&qid=1780558240131
European Social Survey. (2023-a). Most people can be trusted, or you can’t be too careful. [dataset]. https://doi.org/10.21338/ess11e04_1
European Social Survey. (2023-b). Most people try to take advantage of you, or try to be fair. [dataset]. https://doi.org/10.21338/ess11e04_1
Finnish Government. (2025). Security strategy for society. Government resolution. Security Committee. Ministry of Defence. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-817-8
Grindavíkurnefnd. (2026). Endurreisn Grindavíkur—Rammaáætlun [Grindavík reconstruction—Framework plan]. https://framerusercontent.com/assets/UsBlkAmqdHd7U1YSVjRY7tJzG8.pdf
Grindavíkurnefnd & Maskína. (2026). Framtíðarsýn Grindvíkinga [The vision of the people of Grindavík]. https://framerusercontent.com/assets/ruE4hBZ5bfDPnv7hza0FWjssyhM.pdf
Gross, L. (2023). ‘Not a major or complicated task’: Activating dugnad under COVID-19 and the imagination of equality in the Norwegian welfare state. Anthropologica 65(1),1-26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27326458
Græger, N. (2025). The Nordic region and NATO: Security relations in change. In N. Græger, R. Hemstad, P. Nedergaard, & P. Stadius (Eds.) Handbook of Nordic Cooperation (pp. 307-321). Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035319725.00035
Hovgaard, L. (2026). Ny tryghedsmåling: Danskerne sænker skuldrene efter dronesagen, men er kun lidt bedre forberedt [New security survey: Danes shrug after drone incident, but are only slightly better preared]. Ingeniøren. https://pro.ing.dk/resiliencetech/artikel/ny-tryghedsmaaling-danskerne-saenker-skuldrene-efter-dronesagen-men-er-kun-lidt-bedre-forberedt?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=resiliencetech
Hyvönen, A-E. & Juntunen, T. (2021). From ‘spiritual defence’ to robust resilience in the Finnish comprehensive security model. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.) Nordic societal security: Convergence and divergence (pp. 154-178). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533
Icelandic Meteorological Office. (2025). Níunda gosinu á Sundhnúksgígaröðinni lokið [Ninth eruption in the Sundhnúks volcanic field has ended]. Fréttir. Veðurstofa Íslands. https://www.vedur.is/um-vi/frettir/kvikuhlaup-er-hafid-a-sundhnuksgigarodinni
Icelandic Meteorological Office. (2026). Landris og kvikusöfnun heldur áfram undir Svartsengi [Landslides and magma accumulation continue beneath Svatsengi]. Veðurstofa Íslands. https://www.vedur.is/um-vi/frettir/snarpur-skjalfti-i-brennisteinsfjollum-hradara-sig-i-krysuvik-og-aframhaldandi-kvikusofnun-i-svartsengi
Innviðaráðuneytið. (2024). Frumvarp lagt fram um sérstaka framkvæmdanefnd um málefni Grindavíkur [Bill introduced on a special executive committee for Grindavík affairs]. https://www.stjornarradid.is/efst-a-baugi/frettir/stok-frett/2024/05/03/Frumvarp-lagt-fram-um-serstaka-framkvaemdanefnd-um-malefni-Grindavikur/  
Jensen, T. G., Schmidt, G., & Vitus, K. (2019). Social sammenhængskraft: Begreb og virkelighed [Social cohesion: Concept and reality]. Aalborg University. https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/social-sammenh%C3%A6ngskraft-begreb-og-virkelighed-2/
Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet. (2025). Totalberedskapsmeldingen: Forberedt på kriser og krig [Total preparedness: Prepared for crisis and war]. Meld. St. 9 (2024-2025) Melding til Stortinget. https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/c24e6978185f4a49a7d2689a4741a9b1/no/pdfs/stm202420250009000dddpdfs.pdf
Keinänen, J., Halonen, M. & Luoto, I. (2025). What can we learn about crisis management in the polycrisis era? Insights from Finland’s international public policy network. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 39(1), 80-95. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2024-0191
Kokonaisuusturvallisuudenkeskus. (n.d.). Kokonaisturvallisuuden Osaamiskeskus. https://kokonaisturvallisuudenosaamiskeskus.fi/
Kratschmer, A. (2023). Samfundssind / Community-mindedness. The New Nordic Lexicon. https://nordics.info/nnl/show/artikel/samfundssind-community-mindedness
Kulturministeriet. (2026). Kulturministeren nedsætter ”Rådet for kulturel modstandskraft” [The Minister of Culture establishes the "Council for Cultural Resilience”]. https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/kulturministeren-nedsaetter-raadet-for-kulturel-modstandskraft
Kurunmäki, J. & Strang, J. (2010/2016). Rhetorics of Nordic Democracy. The Finnish Literature Society: Studia Fennica, Historica 17: Helsinki. https://doi.org/10.21435/sfh.17
Lagercrantz, A. (2011). Kärleken större än ondskan [Love is greater than evil]. Svenska Dagbladet, 2011-08-03. https://www.svd.se/a/5baa5478-6df3-3fdc-8973-8498e94f9166/karleken-storre-an-ondskan
Larsson, O.L. (2021). The connections between crisis and war preparedness in Sweden. Security Dialogue, 52(4), 306-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010620936849
Larsson, O.L. (2024). Responses to grey zone and hybrid threats: How much resilience is enough? Conference: ISA 2024 Annual Convention - April 3rd - 6th, 2024 Putting Relationality at the Centre of International Studies. urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-12369
Larsson, S. & Rhinhard, M. (2021). Conclusion: Convergence and divergence in Nordic societal securities. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.) Nordic societal security: Convergence and divergence (225-234). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533
Latham, A. & Layton, J. (2022). Social infrastructure: Why it matters and how urban geographers might study it. Urban Geography, 43(5), 659-668. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.2003609
Liebetrau, T. (2021). Conceptual and practical changes to security in Denmark: Expect the unexpected, decide the undecidable. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.) Nordic societal security: Convergence and divergence (109-128). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533
Luonila, M., Kumpulainen, K., Leppänen, A., Koskinen-Koivisto, E., & Ruokolainen, O. (2023). Community resilience and cultural sustainability in two Finnish urban neighbourhoods. Frontiers Political Science, 5, 1213240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2023.1213240
MCF. (2025-a). Vårt arbete inom ramen för psykologiskt försvar. [Our work within the framework of psychological defence]. https://www.mcf.se/sv/amnesomraden/vart-arbete-vid-olyckor-kriser-och-krig/vart-arbete-inom-ramen-for-psykologiskt-forsvar/
MCF. (2025-b). MSB is Swedish Civil Defence and Resilience Agency. https://www.mcf.se/en/about-us/swedish-civil-defence-and-resilience-agency/
McFarlane, C. (2026). Urban geography II: Crisis-thinking and critical urbanism. Progress in Human Geography, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325261435173
Ministeriet for Samfundssikkerhed og Beredskab. (2025). Aftale om beredskabsområdet 2025-2026 [Agreement on the emergency response area 2025-2026]. https://mssb.dk/media/ipjdrhbn/aftaletekst-vedr-aftale-paa-beredskabsomraadet.pdf
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Industry, and Trade. (2024). Proposal for a parliamentary resolution on national security policy. Faroe Islands. https://www.government.fo/en/foreign-relations/national-security-policy
Ministry for Statehood and Foreign Affairs. (2024). Nothing about us without us: Greenland’s foreign, security, and defence policy 2024-2033—An Arctic strategy. https://paartoq.gl/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Greenlands_Foreign_-Security_and_Defense_Policy_2024_2033.pdf
Morsut, C. (2021). The emergence and development of samfunnssikkerhet in Norway. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.) Nordic societal security: Convergence and divergence (pp. 68-90). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533
MSB. (2021). Kraftsamling—för en stärkt civil beredskap: baserad på MSB:s nationella risk- och förmågebedömning 2021 [Strengthning civil preparedness: Based on the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) National risk and capability assessment 2021]. https://www.mcf.se/sv/amnesomraden/beredskap-for-kris-och-krig/beredskapssystemet/nationell-risk--och-sarbarhetsbedomning-nrsb/kraftsamling---for-en-starkt-civil-beredskap/
MSB. (2025). Nationell risk- och sårbarhetsbedömning (NRSB) [National risk and vulnerability assessment]. https://www.mcf.se/sv/publikationer/nationell-risk--och-sarbarhetsbedomning-nrsb-2025/
Mäenpää, P., Faehnle, M., Grönlund, H., Pitkänen, K., Alanko, L., Sarkia, K., & Kuosmanen, S. (2025). Reaktionopeutta, paikallistietoa ja huolenpitoa: Paikallinen kansalaistoiminta vahvistaa yhteiskunnan pitkäjänteistä resilienssiä ja kriisivalmiutta [Speed of response, local knowledge and care: Local civic engagement strengthens society's longterm resilience and crisis preparedness]. Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja 2025:2. https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/items/b120f04d-b6a6-4197-ba80-8ff80bf798e2
Nordic Co-operation. (n.d.-a). Societal security. https://www.norden.org/en/societal-security
Nordic Co-operation. (n.d.-b).  Vision 2030: The Nordic Region will become the most sustainable and integrated region in the world. https://www.norden.org/en/information/vision-2030-nordic-region-will-become-most-sustainable-and-integrated-region-world
Nordforsk. (2025). The Nordic region stands at a crossroads in terms of security policy. https://www.nordforsk.org/news/nordic-region-stands-crossroads-terms-security-policy
Norström A., Queiroz C., Nyström M., Jiménez-Aceituno A., Jonsson A., McFadden A., Milton N., Peterson G., Barnes M., Béné C., Biggs R., Boyd E., Broadgate W., Brown K., Carpenter S.R., Collins G., de Coning C., Denton F., Ferreira R., Folke C., Gordon L., Hamann M., Hornberg J., McPhearson T., Nagendra H., Ringler C., Rockström J., Romero Lankao P., Scheffer M., Westley F., Ziervogel G. (2025). Resilience Science Must-Knows: Nine Things Every Decision-Maker Should Know About Resilience. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Global Resilience Partnership, Future Earth, Stockholm, Sweden. https://www.stockholmresilience.org/download/18.226014ea19a154a9e252299/1762176583209/RSMK_eng_digital.pdf
Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. (2024). Total preparedness: Preparedness for crises and war. Meld. St. 9 (2024-2025). Report to the Storting (white paper). English version. https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/c24e6978185f4a49a7d2689a4741a9b1/en-gb/pdfs/stm202420250009000engpdfs.pdf
Ortiz-Ospina, E., Roser, M., & Arriagada, P. (2024). Trust: How does interpersonal trust differ across societies and what role does it play in shaping economic development? https://ourworldindata.org/trust
Politiets Sikkerhetstjeneste. (2025). Nasjonal trusselvurdering 2025 [National risk assessment 2025]. https://www.pst.no/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Nasjonal-trusselvurdering-2025.pdf
Prime Minister's Office. (2025). Joint statement by the Nordic Prime Ministers and Heads of Government on cooperation for enhanced crisis preparedness and resilience—The Nordics: United and Strong. Press Release. https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/joint-statement-by-the-nordic-prime-ministers-and-heads-of-government-on-cooperation-for-enhanced-crisis-preparedness-and-resilience-the-nordics-united-and-strong
Pursiainen, C. (2018). Critical infrastructure resilience: A Nordic model in the making? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 632-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.08.006
Raisio, H., Niemi, T., Puustinen, Al., Kosonen, J., & Valtonen, V. (2025). Beneath the surface: Spontaneous volunteering and its perceived role in shaping community resilience in national defence. Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies, 8(1), 484–502. https://doi. org/10.31374/sjms.371    
Regeringskansliet. (2024). Nationell säkerhetsstrategi [National security strategy]. Regeringens skrivelse 2023/24:163. https://www.regeringen.se/rattsliga-dokument/skrivelse/2024/07/skr.-202324163
Ríkislögreglustjórinn almannavarnadeild. (2011). Áhættuskoðun almannavarna [Civil Protection Risk Assessment]. https://www.almannavarnir.is/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Inngangur-%C3%81h%C3%A6ttusko%C3%B0un-og-umd%C3%A6min.pdf
Rittel, H.W.J., & Webber, M.M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4, 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
Ruggiero, A., Piotrowicz, W.D., & John, L. (2024). Enhancing societal resilience through the whole-of-society approach to crisis preparedness: Complex adaptive systems perspective—the case of Finland. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 114, 104944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104944  
Salonen, H. & Rohrer, L. (2026). Building psychological resilience in the Nordic Region:
Insights from serious gaming. Nordregio Working Paper 2026:2. http://doi.org/10.6027/WP2026.2.1403-2511
Sandbakken, L.D. & Karlsson, Ø.N. (2024). Information sharing in complex crises: The case of join domain-specific centers in Norway. In O.J. Borch & T. Heier (Eds.) Preparing for hybrid threats to security: Collaborative preparedness and response (165-182). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032617916
Security Committee. (2017). The security strategy for society. Government resolution. www.turvallisuuskomitea.fi/en
Selle, P. & Wollebæk, D. (2015). The complex relationship between civil society and trust. Italian Sociological Review, 5(3), 273-289. https://doi.org/10.13136/isr.v5i3.110
Sisäministeriön. (2023). Kansallinen riskiarvio 2023 [National risk assessment 2023]. Kansallisen riskiarvion tarkistamiseen asetettu työryhmä (VN/23326/2021). https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/items/851f2abf-6c31-473e-8845-086a7425eed9
Søderberg, M. (2026). What is spiritual mobilisation? The International. https://www.the-intl.com/post/what-is-spiritual-mobilisation
Statsministerens kontor. (2025). Nasjonal sikkerhetsstrategi [National security strategy]. https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nasjonal-sikkerhetsstrategi/id3099304/ 
Styrelsen for Samfundssikkerhed. (2025-a). National risikobillede [National risk assessment]. https://samsik.dk/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/NATIONALT-RISIKOBILLEDE-2025.pdf
Styrelsen for Samfundssikkerhed. (2025-b). Udarbejdelse af lokal beredskabsplan for beboer-, andelsbolig- og grundejerforeninger [Prepartion of local emergency plans for residents’, cooperative housing, and landowners’ associations]. https://samsik.dk/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/VEJLEDNING-I-UDARBEJDELSE-AF-LOKAL-BEREDSKABSPLAN-FOR-BEBOER-ANDELSBOLIG-OG-GRUNDEJERFORENINGER.pdf
Svenska kyrkan. (2025). Fyra försvarslinjer för andlig beredskap [Four lines of defence for spiritual preparedness]. https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/nyheter/fyra-forsvarslinjer-for-andlig-beredskap
Secretariat of the Defence Committee. (2023). Digest: The Swedish Defence Commission’s report on the future direction of the total defence and the composition of the civil defence—excerpts. https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/0decd61162c24c73a9ca443328ccd9dd/sammandrag-pa-engelska-av-kraftsamling-ds-202334.pdf
Udenrigsministeriet. (2023). Udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk strategi 2023 [Foreign and security policy strategy]. https://um.dk/udenrigspolitik/aktuelle-emner/udenrigs-og-sikkerhedspolitisk-strategi-2023
Utanríkisráðuneytið. (2025). Inntak og áherslur stefnu í varnar- og öryggismálum. Skýrsla samráðshóps þingmanna 2025 [Content and priorities of defence and security policy. Report of the Parliamentary
Valtonen, V. & Branders, M. (2021). Tracing the Finnish comprehensive security model. In S. Larsson & M. Rhinard (Eds.) Nordic societal security: Convergence and divergence (pp. 91-108). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003045533
V-Dem. (2026). Civil society participation index, 2025. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/civil-society-participation-index?mapSelect=SWE~NOR~OWID_EUR~DNK~FIN~ISL
Wigell, M., Hägglund, M., Fjäder, C., Hakala, E., Ketola, J. & Mikkola, H. (2022). Nordic resilience: Strengthening cooperation on security of supply and crisis preparedness. Finnish Institute of International Affairs, FIIA Report. September 2022, 70. https://fiia.fi/en/publication/nordic-resilience
Wiking, M. (2025). Could the Nordic term dugnadsånd be the key to a better life? This happiness expert thinks so. Stylist. https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/dugnadsand-danish-expert-community-building-key-to-happiness/911497
Wrange, J., Bengtsson, R., & Brommesson, D. (2024). Resilience through total defence: Towards a shared security culture in the Nordic-Baltic region? European Journal of International Security, 9, 511-532. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2024.15
World Bank. (2026). Advisory report on Resilient Recovery Framework for Grindavík. https://doi.org/10.1596/44688
Wæver, O., Buzan, B., Kelstrup, M. and Lemaitre, P. (1993). Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe. London, Pinter.
Ålands Landskapsregering. (2024). Regeringsprogram: För ett tryggt, öppet och framtidssäkrat Åland [Government programme: For a safe, open, and future-proof Åland]. https://www.regeringen.ax/styrdokument-rapporter-publikationer/regeringsprogram-tryggt-oppet-framtidssakrat-aland-0
Örden, H. (2025). A genealogy of Swedish psychological defence: Information influence as a shifting problem for democratic governance. Cooperation and Conflict, 60(4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836725133698
Þórkatla. (n.d.). Fasteignafélag fyrir framtíð Grindavíkur [Real estate company for future Grindavík]. https://torkatla.is/
Nordregio Report 2026:3